Causes and Spread of Cancer to the Spine
The spine is one of the most common sites for bone metastases due to its extensive vascular network. Cancer cells travel through the bloodstream or lymphatic system and settle in vertebral bone marrow, where they multiply and disrupt normal bone remodeling.
Certain cancers have a higher tendency to metastasize to the spine. Breast and prostate cancers frequently spread to bone, while lung and kidney cancers often cause aggressive spinal lesions. Tumor behavior varies depending on cancer type, leading to either bone destruction or abnormal bone formation.
Once metastatic cells establish themselves, they can weaken vertebrae, increasing the risk of fractures. Collapsed vertebrae may compress spinal nerves, resulting in pain and neurological symptoms.
Understanding how metastases spread to the spine helps clinicians monitor high-risk patients and intervene early. Regular imaging and symptom awareness are essential for timely diagnosis and treatment.